Yttrium-90 radioembolization, also known as transarterial radioembolization (TARE), has emerged as a critical locoregional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This innovative treatment delivers high-dose radiation directly to liver tumors via microspheres, minimizing damage to healthy tissue. TARE is widely used for intermediate-stage HCC as an alternative to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and for advancedstage HCC, particularly in patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Recent advances in personalized dosimetry, such as multi-compartment and voxel-based models, have enhanced treatment precision and safety.

Additionally, integrating TARE with systemic therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and VEGF inhibitors, offers promising synergistic effects. Technological innovations in catheterization and imaging, along with the potential of artificial intelligence (AI), are driving further improvements in treatment outcomes. This article reviews the current status and recent advances in Y-90 radioembolization, emphasizing its expanding role in the personalized management of HCC.