Sarcopenia, as the connotation given in its definition by academic societies “age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass plus loss of muscle strength and/or reduced physical performance”, is an emerging clinical disorder that has gained wide appreciation regarding its impact on the general health of aging people. The loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength as well as consequent reduction in physical activities not only can cause disability in the carry-out of independent daily activities in the elderly, but also can induce insulin resistance, which has been widely recognized as a hallmark of pathogenesis in various metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and gain of fat in this specific population. The accumulation of excessive adipose tissue with re-distribution to muscular tissue that usually accompanies the loss of skeletal muscle (i.e. sarcopenic obesity) has been observed to frequently co-exist with cardiometabolic syndrome (a clinical phenotype presenting with various combinations of impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and central adiposity, all risk factors that independently or in cluster closely associated with higher cardiovascular events or mortality), the combination of which could further jeopardize the health condition and cause higher mortality than in sarcopenia or obesity alone in the elderly population. With the increasing life span and rapid rise of elderly populations in modern day, sarcopenic obesity thus deserves high clinical attention as to timely diagnosis and management to bring back health to the seniors. Physical exercises (especially resistance training) and concomitant dietary therapy with adequate protein supply are currently the mainstay of strategies in the management of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity.  (J Intern Med Taiwan 2022; 33: 332-346)