Excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH) from a pituitary adenoma and the consequent increase in synthesis and secretion of insulin-like-growth factor-1 (IGF-1) from the liver causes acromegaly. Aggressive treatment is usually required for this disorder, especially for large tumors, with aims to remove the mass lesions as much as possible and correct hormonal abnormalities. In addition to the better known hypopituitarism affecting the pituitary-adrenal, -thyroid, and/or -gonadal axes, a rare but clinically significant outcome of treatment is a deficiency of GH. In the long run, this may result in a decrease in lean muscle mass, fat accumulation, and increases in the incidence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality in this patient population. Poor quality of life is another dominant feature of a lack of GH. Although there is still controversy about the long term benefits for health maintenance and mortality after GH replacement, a close look into the potential benefits of replacement therapy in correction of the multiple abnormalities caused by GH and IGF-1 deficiencies is still warranted. This literature review was undertaken to raise clinical attention and concern about the recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of various forms of hypopituitarism after surgery on the pituitary gland, with emphasis on GH deficiency.